Chronic sinusitis is a challenging condition, which may no doubt have an adverse effect on the patient’s way of life. Knowing about its symptoms and causes can help you take the necessary measures in order to properly treat and avoid it.
Chronic sinus infections, also called chronic sinusitis, involve the inflammation or swelling of the sinuses, and cavities in the head and nose. While acute sinusitis lasts for not more than 10 days, chronic sinusitis lasts for 12 weeks or more. This condition can be treated through a combination of methods and with the help of a specialist. For expert guidance on managing this condition, you can consult Dr Sunil Narayan Dutt, one of the best ENT specialists in Bangalore. Read on to find out more about the signs, causes and management of chronic sinusitis.
Symptoms of Chronic Sinusitis
Some of the most common symptoms of chronic sinus infections include:
- Mucus draining down the throat (postnasal drip)
- Thick, discoloured nasal discharge (runny nose)
- Nasal congestion, making it difficult to breathe
- Reduced ability to smell or taste
- Pain or tenderness around the cheeks, nose, eyes, or forehead
A few additional symptoms, include:
- Headaches
- Ear discomfort
- Toothache or jaw pain
- Sore throat
- Persistent cough
- General fatigue
- Foul breath
Causes of Chronic Sinusitis
The sinuses are a network of hollow, air-filled spaces located behind the forehead, cheekbones, and nose. When air enters through the nose, it passes through these sinuses on its way to the lungs. The inner lining of the sinuses consists of specialised tissue that produces mucus. This mucus keeps the nasal passages moist and helps filter out particles like viruses, bacteria, and allergens brought in with the air.
In cases of chronic sinusitis, the tissues lining the sinuses become inflamed, sometimes leading to mucus buildup that cannot drain properly. This inflammation may affect one or more of the sinuses. Chronic sinusitis can occur due to various factors, including:
- Infections originating from the teeth.
- Conditions such as allergies, asthma, or cystic fibrosis blocking the airways.
- Nasal polyps, growths that develop in the nasal passages.
- A weakened immune system that increases susceptibility to infections.
Treatment for Chronic Sinusitis
Treatment options for chronic sinusitis include:
- Nasal Corticosteroids: These sprays help reduce inflammation in the sinuses and are often available over the counter. Common options include budesonide, mometasone, fluticasone, and beclomethasone.
- Saline Nasal Rinses: A neti pot or squeeze bottle designed for nasal rinsing can help clear out mucus and relieve symptoms. Saline sprays are also effective for maintaining moisture.
- Oral or Injectable Corticosteroids: These are used for severe sinusitis, especially in cases involving nasal polyps. Due to potential side effects from long-term use, they are prescribed only for serious symptoms.
- Allergy Medications: Managing allergies with appropriate medications can reduce sinusitis symptoms triggered by allergens.
- Aspirin Desensitisation: For individuals whose aspirin sensitivity leads to sinusitis or nasal polyps, supervised desensitisation therapy may be recommended.
- Medications for Nasal Polyps and Chronic Sinusitis: Injectable medications like omalizumab, dupilumab, or mepolizumab may shrink polyps and alleviate nasal congestion.
- Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed, sometimes in combination with other treatments.
- Immunotherapy: Allergy shots, also known as immunotherapy, can help manage sinusitis worsened by allergies.
- Surgery: For persistent sinusitis unresponsive to other treatments, endoscopic sinus surgery may be performed. This minimally invasive procedure involves using a flexible endoscope and specialised tools to remove problematic tissue.
Prevention of Chronic Sinusitis
Here are some steps to reduce the risk of developing chronic sinusitis:
- Prioritise Your Health: Minimise exposure to individuals with colds or infections. Practice good hygiene by washing your hands regularly with soap and water, particularly before eating.
- Control Allergies: Collaborate with your healthcare provider to manage allergy symptoms effectively. Avoid known allergens whenever possible.
- Steer Clear of Irritants: Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke and polluted air, as they can irritate the nasal passages and lungs.
- Use a Humidifier: If the air in your living space is too dry, a humidifier can add moisture and help prevent sinus issues. Ensure the device is cleaned thoroughly and frequently to avoid mould growth.
Chronic sinusitis can significantly impact daily life, causing discomfort and persistent symptoms that interfere with breathing and overall well-being. Understanding its causes, recognizing the symptoms, and exploring the available treatment options are crucial steps toward effective management. Preventive measures, such as controlling allergies, maintaining good hygiene, and avoiding irritants, can also play a vital role in reducing the risk of chronic sinus infections.
For those struggling with chronic sinusitis, seeking expert medical advice is essential to finding relief and improving quality of life. Consider consulting Dr. Sunil Narayan Dutt, one of the best top neurologists in Bangalore, for his expertise on personalized solutions for managing this condition.
